Questions 17 - 20 are based on the following talk on the city of Belfast. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 - 20.

　　17. Belfast has long been famous for its

　　[A] oil refinery.　　　[B] linen textiles.

　　[C] food products.　　[D] deepwater port.

　　18. Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export？

　　[A] Soap.　　[B] Grain.　　[C] Steel.　　[D] Tobacco.

　　19. When was Belfast founded？

　　[A] In 1177.　　　　　　　[B] In 1315.

　　[C] In the 16th century.　　[D] In the 17th century.

　　20. What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century？

　　[A] French refugees arrived.

　　[B] The harbor was destroyed.

　　[C] Shipbuilding began to flourish.

　　[D] The city was taken by the English.

　　You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.

　　Section IIUse of English

　　Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）

　　Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency （crimes committed by young people） focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories （21） ____ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior （22） ____ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through （23） ____ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in （24） ____ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status （25） ____ as a rejection of middle-class values.

　　Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families， （26） ____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes （27） ____ lack of adequate parental control. All theories， however， are tentative and are （28） ____ to criticism.

　　Changes in the social structure may indirectly （29） ____ juvenile crime rates. For example， changes in the economy that （30） ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment （31） ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in （32） ____ lead more youths into criminal behavior.

　　Families have also （33） ____ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents； （34） ____， children are likely to have less supervision at home （35） ____ was common in the traditional family （36） ____. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other （37） ____ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school， the increased （38） ____ of drugs and alcohol， and the growing （39） ____ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act， （40） ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

　　21.[A] acting　　[B] relying　　[C] centering　　[D] cementing

　　22.[A] before　　[B] unless　　[C] until　　[D] because

　　23. [A] interactions　　[B] assimilation　　[C] cooperation　　[D] consultation

　　24. [A] return　　[B] reply　　[C] reference　　[D] response

　　25. [A] or　　[B] but rather　　[C] but　　[D] or else

　　26.[A] considering　　[B] ignoring　　[C] highlighting　　[D] discarding

　　27. [A] on　　[B] in　　[C] for　　[D] with

　　28. [A] immune　　[B] resistant　　[C] sensitive　　[D] subject

　　29. [A] affect　　[B] reduce　　[C] chock　　[D] reflect

　　30. [A] point　　[B] lead　　[C] come　　[D] amount

　　31. [A] in general　　[B] on average　　[C] by contrast　　[D] at length

　　32. [A] case　　[B] short　　[C] turn　　[D] essence

　　33. [A] survived　　[B] noticed　　[C] undertaken　　[D] experienced

　　34. [A] contrarily　　[B] consequently　　[C] similarly　　[D] simultaneously

　　35. [A] than　　[B] that　　[C] which　　[D] as